{ "format": "human-record-historical-person-source-survival/0.1", "record_id": "hannibal-source-survival", "record_version": "0.1.3", "title": "Hannibal: the person and the accounts that remain", "record_type": "historical_person_source_survival", "recorded_at": "2026-09-18", "status": "public_bounded_source_survival_record", "purpose": "Preserve a walkable path from a famous historical-person label back to bounded surviving source reports while keeping mediation, source dependence and unknowns visible.", "subject": { "entity_id": "thr:entity:68be4504-74ab-48a5-81e3-95fb30242db0", "display_label": "Hannibal Barca", "source_literal": "Hannibal", "identity_ceiling": "The entity is a thin routing anchor. Source-literal mentions remain separately inspectable and candidate-linked; the record does not turn the surviving biography into the person." }, "selection": { "selected_for": "Historical-person source-survival and source-dependence stress case after the first three public records tested artwork provenance, repeated-claim ancestry and living-practice transmission.", "boundary": "Selection did not establish representativeness, historical priority, importance or entitlement. Publication followed bounded source/reader review and current-validator compatibility checks; reader benefit remains unestablished.", "candidate_pool_status": "not_preserved", "alternatives_considered_status": "not_preserved", "selection_history_ceiling": "No selection-time candidate pool or alternatives list is preserved from the pre-publication selection process; do not reconstruct one after the fact." }, "entity": { "id": "thr:entity:68be4504-74ab-48a5-81e3-95fb30242db0", "type": "person", "labels": [ { "text": "Hannibal Barca", "language": "en", "kind": "conventional_modern_display_label", "preferred_for_current_view": true }, { "text": "Hannibal", "language": "en", "kind": "source_literal_name", "preferred_for_current_view": false } ], "status": "current", "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md", "records/hannibal.html" ], "external_identifiers": [], "notes": [ "Thin routing anchor for the historical human conventionally called Hannibal Barca; exact dates, appearance, routes and biographical details are not identity-key material.", "The checked Nepos Latin passage attests the literal string 'Hannibal'. The checked Polybius English reading surface renders the name as 'Hannibal'; a separate Perseus passage-vocabulary index associates 3.33.17 and 3.33.18 with lemma 'Ἀννίβας'. Framework did not directly inspect the inflected Greek source-text spelling in those sections. The fuller modern display label remains conventional.", "Two public source-literal mentions remain candidate-linked rather than silently upgraded into identity certainty." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "thr:source:8d40b5c1-3eb6-47d3-86e2-48e95853e930", "kind": "web_page", "title": "Dickinson College Commentaries: Nepos, Life of Hannibal, chapter 13", "publisher": "Dickinson College Commentaries", "locators": [ { "scheme": "url", "value": "https://dcc.dickinson.edu/nepos-hannibal/chapter-13" } ], "observations": [ { "id": "thr:observation:6483e31f-7d60-488b-a4ce-1c15155a01cc", "observed_at": "2026-09-18", "outcome": "partial", "scope": "Chapter 13, especially Latin paragraph 13.3 and its commentary on Silenus and Sosylus; not manuscript evidence or a complete audit of DCC.", "observer": "Framework", "notes": [ "Ancient text and modern editorial commentary are separate evidential layers." ] } ], "relations": [], "used_by_records": [ "hannibal-source-survival" ], "preservation": { "status": "institutional_preservation_route_identified", "copies": [ { "provider": "Open Book Publishers", "kind": "open_access_published_edition", "persistent_locator": "https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0068", "access": "public", "relationship": "publisher-controlled open-access route for the related Dickinson College Commentaries volume containing the Nepos text and notes", "verified_against_observation": "edition identity and contents route checked 2026-09-20; exact DCC chapter-13 web bytes/layout not compared" }, { "provider": "Library of Congress", "kind": "institutional_open_access_book_copy", "persistent_locator": "https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/gdcebookspublic.2019467885", "access": "public", "relationship": "institutional-library digital copy of the related Bret Mulligan open-access book edition containing the Nepos text and notes", "verified_against_observation": "bibliographic relationship checked 2026-09-20; exact DCC chapter-13 web bytes/layout not compared" } ], "last_checked_at": "2026-09-20", "note": "The exact DCC chapter-13 web representation was not independently located in a web archive through this aperture. Stronger publisher/library routes preserve the closely related published DCC edition containing the Nepos text and notes; RELATED EDITION RECOVERABLE != EXACT WEB REPRESENTATION PRESERVED." } }, { "id": "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2", "kind": "web_page", "title": "Polybius, Histories Book 3 — LacusCurtius/Thayer", "publisher": "LacusCurtius / University of Chicago-hosted reading surface", "locators": [ { "scheme": "url", "value": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/3*.html" } ], "observations": [ { "id": "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0", "observed_at": "2026-09-18", "outcome": "partial", "scope": "Book 3 passages 3.20.5, 3.33.17-18, 3.48.12 and 3.56.3-4 on source criticism, the Lacinium tablet, Alpine inquiry/inspection and force totals; not a full-book critical edition review.", "observer": "Framework", "notes": [ "This is a modern web reading surface for an ancient text, not the ancient carrier.", "The host presents the English text as the 1922 Loeb translation and warns that the web page has not yet been proofread; this fixture does not treat it as a checked critical edition." ] } ], "relations": [], "used_by_records": [ "hannibal-source-survival" ], "preservation": { "status": "institutional_preservation_route_identified", "copies": [ { "provider": "Internet Archive / New York Public Library", "kind": "digitized_printed_edition", "persistent_locator": "https://archive.org/details/historieswitheng02poly", "access": "public", "relationship": "public Volume II carrier for W. R. Paton's Polybius in the printed-edition family named by the Thayer Book III reading surface; Internet Archive metadata currently gives Volume 2, Harvard University Press / Heinemann and publication date [1922]", "verified_against_observation": "Internet Archive public item metadata rechecked 2026-09-25; exact Thayer HTML bytes/text and the physical printing/reprint state of the scanned copy were not established from item metadata" } ], "last_checked_at": "2026-09-25", "note": "Internet Archive item historieswitheng02poly is a New York Public Library-contributed Volume 2 carrier for Paton's Polybius and provides a public institutional recovery route. Item metadata reports publication date [1922], but THR does not infer the exact physical printing/reprint state of the scanned copy from that metadata. The Thayer HTML representation was not established as archived or byte-identical to the scan. PRINTED EDITION ROUTE IDENTIFIED != EXACT WEB REPRESENTATION PRESERVED." } }, { "id": "thr:source:8584dd6b-5940-4805-902a-c11fce3c3675", "kind": "digital_text_edition_index", "title": "Polybius, Histories — Perseus Greek edition passage vocabulary index for 3.33.17-18", "publisher": "Perseus Digital Library / Scaife vocabulary tooling", "locators": [ { "scheme": "cts_urn", "value": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.perseus-grc2", "status": "digital_greek_edition_identified" }, { "scheme": "url", "value": "https://vocab.perseus.org/word-list/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.33.17/", "status": "passage_word_list_inspected" }, { "scheme": "url", "value": "https://vocab.perseus.org/word-list/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.33.18/", "status": "passage_word_list_inspected" } ], "observations": [ { "id": "thr:observation:fb9a6146-9601-4a58-9b44-b97b06143d97", "observed_at": "2026-09-19", "precision": "date", "outcome": "partial", "record_basis": "cases/hannibal-barca.json Greek source-literal boundary for Polybius 3.33.17-18", "digest": null, "scope": "Passage-specific Greek vocabulary/lemma lists for Polybius Histories 3.33.17 and 3.33.18 in urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.perseus-grc2; used only to establish that the index associates both sections with lemma Ἀννίβας. The exact inflected source-text spelling, full Greek passage, manuscript witnesses and the other THR-cited Polybius sections were not inspected through this source.", "observer": "Framework", "notes": [ "The vocabulary pages describe lemma lists rather than a transcription of the passage text; each passage list includes lemma Ἀννίβας once.", "VOCABULARY LEMMA != SOURCE-LITERAL SPELLING; PASSAGE INDEX != MANUSCRIPT WITNESS." ] } ], "relations": [], "preservation": { "status": "not_yet_checked", "copies": [], "last_checked_at": null }, "used_by_records": [ "hannibal-source-survival" ] } ], "mentions": [ { "id": "thr:mention:beee588e-f706-40ab-95b3-5d46c097c687", "literal": "Hannibal", "source_id": "thr:source:8d40b5c1-3eb6-47d3-86e2-48e95853e930", "observation_id": "thr:observation:6483e31f-7d60-488b-a4ce-1c15155a01cc", "context": "Nepos, Hannibal 13.3, sentence identifying Sosylus as Hannibal's Greek teacher.", "record_id": "hannibal-source-survival", "status": "candidate", "candidates": [ { "entity_id": "thr:entity:68be4504-74ab-48a5-81e3-95fb30242db0", "state": "candidate", "basis": [ "The source is Nepos' Life of Hannibal chapter 13 and the literal occurs inside that named subject context; linked only as a candidate to the conventional modern Hannibal Barca anchor, not as identity proof." ], "conflicts": [] } ] }, { "id": "thr:mention:4fae4e8f-71c1-4eb0-8f62-6c63ae9e9a71", "literal": "Hannibal", "source_id": "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2", "observation_id": "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0", "context": "Polybius, Histories 3.33.17-18 on the checked 1922 Loeb English reading surface, where Paton's translation renders the narrative subject as 'Hannibal'.", "record_id": "hannibal-source-survival", "status": "candidate", "candidates": [ { "entity_id": "thr:entity:68be4504-74ab-48a5-81e3-95fb30242db0", "state": "candidate", "basis": [ "The checked English reading surface at Polybius 3.33.17-18 renders the campaign subject as 'Hannibal'. A separate Perseus passage-vocabulary index associates both sections with lemma 'Ἀννίβας', but Framework did not directly inspect the inflected Greek source-text spelling. Linked only as a candidate to the conventional modern Hannibal Barca anchor, not as independent identity proof." ], "conflicts": [] } ] } ], "assertions": [ { "id": "thr:assertion:23bfb7a2-1f36-4a7a-9f75-7b2427366636", "subject": { "mention_id": "thr:mention:beee588e-f706-40ab-95b3-5d46c097c687" }, "predicate": "reported_companion_historians", "object": { "literal": "Silenus and Sosylus" }, "state": "reported_by_source", "evidence": { "source_ids": [ "thr:source:8d40b5c1-3eb6-47d3-86e2-48e95853e930" ], "observation_ids": [ "thr:observation:6483e31f-7d60-488b-a4ce-1c15155a01cc" ] }, "scope": { "locator": "Nepos, Hannibal 13.3", "ceiling": "Nepos reports that Silenus and Sosylus were with Hannibal and wrote about the war; THR has not inspected their complete works." }, "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md" ], "corrections": [] }, { "id": "thr:assertion:72388414-cbc8-47b2-99af-51b639b14472", "subject": { "literal": "Sosylus' historical account" }, "predicate": "reported_source_evaluation", "object": { "literal": "Polybius dismisses the authority of Sosylus and Chaereas." }, "state": "reported_by_source", "evidence": { "source_ids": [ "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2" ], "observation_ids": [ "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0" ] }, "scope": { "locator": "Polybius, Histories 3.20.5", "ceiling": "This is Polybius' evaluation of another historian, not THR's adjudication of Sosylus." }, "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md" ], "corrections": [] }, { "id": "thr:assertion:3e38d580-5c88-463c-8a3a-9eeab8074fea", "subject": { "mention_id": "thr:mention:4fae4e8f-71c1-4eb0-8f62-6c63ae9e9a71" }, "predicate": "reported_documentary_source", "object": { "literal": "A bronze tablet at the Lacinian promontory carrying Hannibal's troop lists." }, "state": "reported_by_source", "evidence": { "source_ids": [ "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2" ], "observation_ids": [ "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0" ] }, "scope": { "locator": "Polybius, Histories 3.33.17-18", "ceiling": "Polybius reports finding and using the bronze tablet described at 3.33.17-18. THR has not observed that ancient carrier or an independently preserved copy, and this fixture does not establish that it is physically identical to the column/inscription described at 3.56.4." }, "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md" ], "corrections": [] }, { "id": "thr:assertion:de8cb921-d655-46ba-8543-6ad14f6249ca", "subject": { "literal": "Polybius' claimed investigation of the Alpine crossing" }, "predicate": "reported_investigative_method", "object": { "literal": "Polybius says he questioned men who had been present, inspected the country, and crossed the Alps himself." }, "state": "reported_by_source", "evidence": { "source_ids": [ "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2" ], "observation_ids": [ "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0" ] }, "scope": { "locator": "Polybius, Histories 3.48.12", "ceiling": "This records Polybius' own account of his evidence-gathering method. THR did not observe the reported interviews, route inspection, travel, or ancient investigation." }, "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md" ], "corrections": [] }, { "id": "thr:assertion:ace95214-7288-414b-9982-78c65cfdf088", "subject": { "mention_id": "thr:mention:4fae4e8f-71c1-4eb0-8f62-6c63ae9e9a71" }, "predicate": "reported_alpine_crossing", "object": { "literal": "Hannibal crossed the Alps into Italy." }, "state": "reported_by_source", "evidence": { "source_ids": [ "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2" ], "observation_ids": [ "thr:observation:1ea96911-3e2c-42f8-b55e-63b45a9ad2d0" ] }, "scope": { "locator": "Polybius, Histories 3.56.3-4", "ceiling": "Attribution to Polybius' surviving account; exact pass and complete source ancestry are not established by this fixture." }, "record_links": [ "cases/hannibal-barca.json", "cases/hannibal-barca.md" ], "corrections": [] } ], "source_relationships": { "checked_text_count": 2, "independence_status": "not_counted_as_two_independent_witnesses_to_one_event", "direct_dependence_between_checked_surfaces": "not_established_by_this_record", "current_aperture": "Greek/Roman-mediated and incomplete; includes two ancient-text reading surfaces plus one derived Perseus passage-vocabulary index for Polybius 3.33.17-18.", "ceiling": "SURVIVING_SOURCE != COMPLETE_HISTORY", "derived_index_surface_count": 1 }, "current_findings": [ "Two bounded ancient-text reading surfaces make attributed reports about Hannibal and their own source world inspectable.", "Polybius' reports about a Lacinium tablet and his own investigative method remain reports by Polybius, not direct THR observations.", "Nepos attests Silenus and Sosylus as companions/historians; their complete works are not represented as inspected THR source objects.", "The checked aperture is asymmetric and incomplete; later repetition is not counted as independent corroboration by default.", "A Perseus passage-vocabulary index associates Polybius 3.33.17 and 3.33.18 with lemma 'Ἀννίβας'; this is lemma-level indexing, not direct inspection of the inflected Greek source-text spelling, manuscript verification or identity proof." ], "unknowns": [ "A complete source genealogy among Polybius, Livy and other surviving writers.", "The full Punic/Carthaginian documentary aperture and all surviving fragments.", "Whether the Lacinium tablet described at 3.33 and column/inscription at 3.56 are the same physical carrier.", "The exact Alpine pass and many other biographical/historical disputes outside this record.", "Direct inspection of the inflected Greek source-text spelling at 3.33.17-18, manuscript-level verification, and full passage-level Greek critical-text inspection beyond the bounded vocabulary-index check.", "Reader benefit from this encounter." ], "inspection_boundary": { "sosylus_complete_work": "not_inspected_and_not_represented_as_a_source_object", "silenus_complete_work": "not_inspected_and_not_represented_as_a_source_object", "livy": "not_counted_as_independent_witness_in_this_fixture", "punic_or_carthaginian_archives": "not_established_absent", "ancient_tablet": "reported_by_polybius_not_directly_observed_by_thr", "lacinium_carrier_identity": "The relationship or physical identity between the bronze tablet described at 3.33.17-18 and the column/inscription described at 3.56.4 is not established by this fixture.", "polybius_greek_literal": "Perseus passage-vocabulary lists associate 3.33.17 and 3.33.18 with lemma 'Ἀννίβας'. Framework did not directly inspect the inflected Greek source-text spelling, full Greek passage, manuscript witnesses or the other THR-cited Polybius sections through this source." }, "strongest_owner": "Classical source criticism, critical editions and specialist ancient-history scholarship own historical reconstruction. THR adds only a cross-record public evidence route and correction surface.", "rights_and_custody": { "project_record": "Project-authored record material is governed by the repository's stated CC0 scope only to the extent the project holds those rights.", "third_party_sources": "Linked ancient-text/editorial/scholarly source surfaces retain their own rights and custody; THR does not re-license them.", "subject_liveness": "Historical deceased subject; this record makes no claim about descendants, communities or cultural authority beyond the cited public evidence." }, "correction_rule": { "route": "https://thehumanrecord.net/CONTRIBUTE.md", "repository_issue_route": "https://github.com/markgoodbody-bit/human-record/issues/new", "rule": "Material corrections should identify the affected proposition/source, preserve the prior repository state, state what was checked and distinguish fresh evidence from reinterpretation." }, "publication_boundary": { "public_record_number": 4, "reader_benefit": "not_established", "outside_reader_break_request": "no_reader_specific_outside_falsifier_observed_before_promotion", "ceiling": "PUBLICATION != VALIDATION" }, "maintenance_notes": [ { "date": "2026-09-20", "kind": "source_preservation_route_repair", "source_id": "thr:source:8d40b5c1-3eb6-47d3-86e2-48e95853e930", "change": "Identified Open Book Publishers and Library of Congress institutional recovery routes for the related published Dickinson College Commentaries edition containing the Nepos text and notes. The exact observed DCC chapter-13 web representation was not established as archived or byte-identical to those edition carriers.", "historical_finding_changed": false, "ceiling": "RELATED EDITION RECOVERABLE != EXACT WEB REPRESENTATION PRESERVED" }, { "date": "2026-09-25", "kind": "source_preservation_route_repair", "source_id": "thr:source:7a1b2e15-a9b2-4af4-9e0b-2c44b10eb9d2", "change": "Identified the Internet Archive / New York Public Library Volume II carrier as a public institutional recovery route for the printed-edition family named by the Thayer Book III reading surface, while leaving exact printing/reprint state and Thayer HTML identity unresolved.", "historical_finding_changed": false, "ceiling": "PRINTED EDITION ROUTE IDENTIFIED != EXACT WEB REPRESENTATION PRESERVED" } ] }